PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.